9 research outputs found
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Application of Natural Language Processing and Evidential Analysis to Web-Based Intelligence Information Acquisition
The quality of decisions made in business and government relates directly to the quality of the information used to formulate the decision. This information may be retrieved from an organization's knowledge base (Intranet) or from the World Wide Web. Intelligence services Intranet held information can be efficiently manipulated by technologies based upon either semantics such as ontologies, or statistics such as meaning-based computing. These technologies require complex processing of large amount of textual information. However, they cannot currently be effectively applied to Web-based search due to various obstacles, such as lack of semantic tagging. A new approach proposed in this paper supports Web-based search for intelligence information utilizing evidence-based natural language processing (NLP). This approach combines traditional NLP methods for filtering of Web-search results, Grounded Theory to test the completeness of the evidence, and Evidential Analysis to test the quality of gathered information. The enriched information derived from the Web-search will be transferred to the intelligence services knowledge base for handling by an effective Intranet search system thus increasing substantially the information for intelligence analysis. The paper will show that the quality of retrieved information is significantly enhanced by the discovery of previously unknown facts derived from known facts
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Nuclear Industry Organizations: Shaped by Accidents
This paper introduces the concept of the VSM method being used to represent the organization of NPPs in responding to accidents. The Fukushima accident is addressed as a method for the examination of the VSM method and its utility is seeing the âbigâ picture as far as the decision-making aspects of organizations are concerned. The impact of accidents upon the NPP management operations is covered and how the organization has to change following an accident is covered. The paper points out the fact that often accident situations and their responses are affected by the long term decisions of management. The decision of TEPCO to disregard advice on the possibility of a large tsunami occurring was a critical fault and preventive methods should have been considered along with the risk of not taking actions. Recommendations are made for improvements in emergency procedures during accident control and mitigation, the procedures should be flexible and based upon something like the symptom-based procedure approach and should consider beyond design-basis events
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Impact of accidents on organizational aspects of nuclear utilities
This paper applies the Beer Viable Systems Model (VSM) approach to the study of nuclear accidents. It relates how organizational structures and rules are affected by accidents in the attempt to improve safety and reduce risk. The paper illustrates this process with reference to a number of accidents. The dynamic cybernetic aspect of the VSM approach to organizations yields a better understanding of the need for good decision-making to minimize risk and how organizations really operate
A comparison of the physical and chemical composition of UK waste streams based on hypothetical compound structure
The suitability and effectiveness of a waste treatment process or strategy depends upon a waste
streamâs physical and chemical composition. Chemical properties of UK waste streams,
particularly MSW, are limited while physical properties are better documented. Consequently
this presents a degree of uncertainty with the wasteâs properties, manifesting itself as financial
risk in the investment of new treatment or disposal plant. To mitigate this uncertainty, a number
of UK waste surveys have been reviewed to determine if there is significant difference in the
calorific value between waste streams. Ultimate and proximate analysis data from a number of
sources have been collected and used to approximate the chemical composition of each waste
fraction. To facilitate the comparison of each waste stream, a hypothetical compound of the form
C6HaOb has been determined for each. Based on this analysis, all UK waste streams share the
hypothetical formula C6H10O3, indicating that on a dry basis, the composition of waste in the UK
is fairly consistent. Monte Carlo analysis of the hypothetical compound structure revealed that
for both household and civic amenity waste streams, the hydrogen and oxygen content only
deviate slightly from the mean values. Since MSW is predominantly comprised of household and
civic amenity waste, the hypothetical compound C6H10O3 can be used to approximate UK MSW
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Composites Additive Manufacturing for Space Applications: A Review
The assembly of 3D printed composites has a wide range of applications for ground preparation of space systems, in-orbit manufacturing, or even in-situ resource utilisation on planetary surfaces. The recent developments in composites additive manufacturing (AM) technologies include indoor experimentation on the International Space Station, and technological demonstrations will follow using satellite platforms on the Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) in the next few years. This review paper surveys AM technologies for varied off-Earth purposes where components or tools made of composite materials become necessary: mechanical, electrical, electrochemical and medical applications. Recommendations are also made on how to utilize AM technologies developed for ground applications, both commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) and laboratory-based, to reduce development costs and promote sustainability
Creativity as development : discourse, ideology and practice
What the new global policy imaginary of "creativity" has amounted to is, on the one hand, a profoundly disintegrated research landscape with a heavy interest in creative âindustriesâ (Cho, Liu, & Ho, 2018) and, on the other hand, an approach to development framed by a somewhat more general and hegemonic global ideology on culture, the arts, and development (Garner, 2016; Stupples, 2014). This âideologyâ is mediated by global or UN-level policy and indeed specific to an age in which the neoliberal global economy has established an unprecedented degree of certitude and political consensus across the world on how we develop a prosperous society. Creativity has become a powerful signifier around which a rhetoric of dynamic trade, growth, and opportunity has evolved, and is subject to a broad assessment in this chapter